Business process outsourcing

The goal is to build up a product for BPO the board framework. Business process redistributing (BPO) is a subset of re-appropriating that includes the contracting of the tasks and obligations of explicit business capacities (or procedures) to an outsider specialist co-op. BPO the executives framework is utilized to adequately deal with the business exercises of a BPO association. This framework receives a far reaching way to deal with limit the manual work and calendar assets, time in a relevant way. It is intended for employing any organization, that is , it is summed up framework for business process the executives. The center of the framework is to keep up representative subtleties and client subtleties and friends subtleties. Representative subtleties incorporate id, name, address, move timings, class (in light of the field of skill), number of calls joined in and pay subtleties. Compensation addition and advantages (worker benefits) for every representative will be done toward the month's end contingent on the quantity of calls went to for that given month. Representatives selected for different organizations will be prepared by their ability and will be given information about different offices likewise with the goal that they can deal with the calls of other office when they are inert. Client subtleties incorporate name, telephone number, address, region of protest or region of uncertainty. For a grumbling enrolled for in excess of a given range of the time (say 15 days, contingent upon the employing organization) the grievance will be signed into a different document for sure fire handling. Organization subtleties incorporate the name of the organization, number of representatives working for the organization and the agreement subtleties.

The United States (Foreign) policy towards Haiti Essay

The United States (Foreign) approach towards Haiti - Essay Example The most extravagant 10% get 48% of the national salary while the least fortunate 10% gets under 1%. Over 70% of these foreigners live in Florida and New York states. Haiti has been positioned as the most politically degenerate state in the world.3 The expense structure significantly focuses on the fundamental items delivered by workers while disregarding the entrepreneur class. This work will address the US international strategy towards Haiti as we attempt to build up the relations that have been there between the two nations. The article will rotate around the connections between the two nations to cover the inquiry in an agreeable way. Haiti picked up freedom from their French colonizers under the administration of Napoleon Bonaparte in January 1804. Anyway France didn't perceive their sovereign state until 1825 when Haiti paid 150 million gold francs to make up for lost property, slaves, land and gear France had utilized during the frontier era.4 Haiti needed to bear a financial weight as high intrigue credits which was completely paid in 1947. Ostensibly the U.S movement strategy on Haiti is harming. In 1957 Duvalier set up an autocracy government which joined brutality against political adversaries and imparting dread among residents using coercive force and dangers. U.S.A government suspended guide program towards Haiti in 1961 after charges surfaced that he had misused guide cash. Duvalier’s child Jean Claude acquired his father’s administration after his passing in 1971. His system dropped a portion of the coercive components that described his father’s administration. The United States in this way reestablished its guide program to Haiti in 1971. Duvalier was constrained into oust following quite a while of turmoil in the nation after Pope John Paul II denounced the regime.5 A temporary military government took control from 1986 to 1988 and another constitution sanctioned. This accommodated a chosen parliament, an

What Is the Zone of Proximal Development

What Is the Zone of Proximal Development Theories Developmental Psychology Print The Zone of Proximal Development as Defined by Vygotsky By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on July 31, 2019 Betsie Van Der Meer / Getty Images More in Theories Developmental Psychology Behavioral Psychology Cognitive Psychology Personality Psychology Social Psychology Biological Psychology Psychosocial Psychology The zone of proximal development (ZPD) is the range of abilities that an individual can perform with assistance but cannot yet perform independently. These skills are called proximal because the individual is close to mastering them but needs more guidance and practice in order to perform these actions independently. Vygotskys Definition of ZPD How do people acquire new knowledge and skills? According to one theory of learning, people learn by being guided by those who are more knowledgeable and skilled. Zone proximal development is a concept that was created by influential psychologist Lev Vygotsky. According to Vygotsky, the zone of proximal development is: The distance between the actual development level as determined by independent problem solving and the level of potential development as determined through problem-solving under adult guidance or in collaboration with more capable peers. (Vygotsky, 1978) Vygotsky died quite young and much of his work was not translated from Russian in many years after his death. Once his work became more widely known, his approach and theories became much more well-known. Today, his work is very influential in the field of education. There are a few essential factors that are critical to the success of this learning process: The presence of someone with the knowledge and skills to guide the learnerSocial interactions that allow the learner to observe and practice their skillsScaffolding, or supportive activities provided by the mentor or teacher that help guide the learner through the ZPD The More Knowledgeable Other The concept of the more knowledgeable other is quite simple and fairly self-explanatory. The more knowledgeable other is someone who has a higher level of knowledge than the learner. It is the more knowledgeable other who provides critical guidance and instruction during the sensitive learning period. While a child might not yet be capable of doing something on her own, she is able to perform the task with the assistance of a skilled instructor. Social Interaction This more knowledgeable other is often a parent, teacher, or another adult, but this is not always the case. In many instances, peers provide valuable assistance and instruction. During certain periods of a childs life, they may even look to peers more than they look to adults. The teen years, when forming an identity and fitting in is so critical, is  just one example. Kids at this age often look to their peers for information about how to act and how to dress. Vygotsky believed that peer interaction was an essential part of the learning process. In order for children to learn new skills, he suggested pairing more competent students with less skilled ones. Scaffolding When children are in this zone of proximal development, providing them with the appropriate assistance and tools gives students what they need to accomplish the new task or skill. These activities, instructions, tools, and resources are known as scaffolding. Eventually, the scaffolding can be removed and the student will be able to complete the task independently. While scaffolding is now almost synonymous with the zone of proximal development, it is not a concept that was initially introduced by Vygotsky. Instead, this component has been put forth by other researchers who have expanded upon the original theories. Applications of ZPD in the Classroom It is important to realize that the zone of proximal development is a moving target. As a learner gains new skills and abilities, this zone moves progressively forward.Teachers and parents can take advantage of this by continually providing educational opportunities that are a slight stretch of a childs existing knowledge and skills.By giving children tasks that they cannot quite do easily on their own and providing the guidance they need to accomplish it, educators can progressively advance the learning process. For Example: A teacher in an experimental psychology course might initially provide scaffolding for students by coaching them step-by-step through their experiments. Next, the  teacher might slowly remove the scaffolding by only providing outlines or brief descriptions of how to proceed. Finally, students would be expected to develop and carry out their experiments independently. A Word From Verywell The zone of proximal development is an important concept in the fields of both education and psychology. By understanding how the ZPD works, educators and instructional designers can be better prepared to create instruction and learning programs that maximize the tools and resources available to students.

How to Keep a Lake Healthy and Clean

Living with a lake view can be a wonderful way to feel close to nature, to enjoy aquatic activities, and to experience the seasons as they go by. However, owning lakeshore property comes with responsibilities towards the ecological health of the lake. To be able to continue enjoying the natural beauty and recreational activities a lake has to offer, and to  keep your propertys value up, here are a few steps to consider: Minimize Runoff Pollution is perhaps the most direct threat to a lake ecosystem. In the absence of industrial waste discharge, much of the pollutants come from rainfall runoff. Perhaps the single most important step to prevent water pollution is to control the amount of pollutant that gets into the lake washed in by rainfall. This can be accomplished through several approaches: Minimize your lawn area. Maintaining a grass lawn is often thought to mean the application of fertilizers and herbicides and it is very difficult to dose them precisely. Rain will transport excess fertilizer into the lake, which will stimulate smelly, unsightly, and potentially toxic algal blooms. Consider skipping the fertilizer, and learn to live with an imperfect lawn. Better yet, cut down on the amount of lawn you need to maintain. Herbicides can be toxic to aquatic life – if you need to use them, spot treat the problem areas as needed.Capture runoff from impervious surfaces. Rooftops and driveways are examples of impervious surfaces, which do not allow water to percolate into the soil. Instead, rainwater collects pollutants and speeds off, contributing to soil erosion. These soil particles end up in lakes, creating sedimentation problems. Roof runoff can be captured with rain barrels, and later used to water flower beds. Road runoff can be routed into a rain garden made o f water-loving plants. The energy of the moving water will be absorbed, slowing down erosion, and the suspended particles will get deposited in the garden, instead of in the lake. If you’re planning a new or replacement driveway, consider permeable ones made of pavers which lets run water through and reach the soil. Protect Natural Shoreline Vegetation Bare lawn all the way to the shoreline might be an aesthetic that appeals to some, but it is hurtful to a lake. It is important to protect existing vegetation along the shoreline: the shrubs and trees there keep the shallow waters cooler, preventing unsightly algal blooms and protecting fish habitat. The plants’ roots hold on to the shoreline soil, preventing erosion. A thick vegetation strip along the shore also acts as a buffer, absorbing pollutants and sediment flowing towards the lake.Replace lost or damaged shoreline vegetation by planting native species. Your local nursery should be able to suggest fast-growing, hardy plants adapted to wet shoreline conditions. Discourage Invasive Species When landscaping your property, stick to native plant species, especially along the shoreline. Exotic plants can become invasive and rapidly spread along the shore, displacing native ones and disrupting the aquatic ecosystem. Damaging invasive  plants include phragmites, purple loosestrife, and reed canary grass.A common way for invasive aquatics plants to enter a lake is by hitching a ride on a boat (an invasive species vector). Bits of algae or plant can be stuck on a boat propeller, or on the trailer, and be accidentally transferred from one lake to another. To avoid this,  take precautions before putting a boat in and better yet consider the possibility of implementing a boat inspection station at the public boat ramp. Many states have grants to assist landowner associations in funding these inspections. Particularly worrisome are Eurasian water-milfoil and​ the spiny water flea, as they can radically transform a lake’s ecology and significantly alter recreation al activities. Friendlier Fishing Countless lakes now have invasive fish species that were introduced by anglers. Don’t be a bucket biologist – only use native fish, crayfish, and leeches as bait. Many lakes have aquatic ecosystems that have now been transformed by the introduction of yellow perch, golden shiners, or rock bass.A particularly insidious form of lake pollution is lead to lost tackle. Practice lead-free fishing, and avoid making the wildlife sick. Loons, grebes, ducks, and bald eagles are particularly vulnerable. Practice Green Boating Motorboat activities can be disruptive to a lake’s health in many ways. Avoid these issues by choosing human-powered options: canoe, kayak, sailboat, or stand-up paddleboard.If you are using a motorboat, favor four-stroke engines over two-stroke ones. They have better fuel economy, fewer emissions, and are quieter. They also do not release unburned fuel into the water, which two-strokes do.Mind your wake. Slow down when you are near shore, as the wave action created by boats can increase shore erosion, releasing sediment, and damage shoreline vegetation. Controlling Waste Water Follow existing local ordinances for your septic systems. Regulations specify a minimum distance between the lake shore and your septic system. In addition, regular inspections and maintenance will ensure it functions properly. Leaky septic systems are a major source of nutrient pollution.Mind the products that end up in your septic tank – one of the main issues is the algae-feeding phosphate in soaps. Laundry detergent is now largely phosphate-free in the United States, but many dish-washing soap brands still contain it.However tempting it is, avoid washing in the lake. Shampoos and soaps contain chemicals that are not friendly to aquatic ecosystems, despite the â€Å"biodegradable† or â€Å"all natural† labels on the bottle. Going the Extra Mile Join your lake association and be a voice for conservation. When issues arise, research them and promote environmentally sound solutions. In the United States, state departments of natural resources usually have limnologists (lake scientists) who can answer your questions. In addition, many state universities have cooperative extension services which may be able to help you.Be involved with your regional land trust. They may be able to help you protect pieces of shoreline property that are key to the health of a lake.

Health And Social Of Health - 1357 Words

Daily health and social carer are in touch with legislation, policies and procedures. The aim of the social carer or family supporter is to provide a qualitative service to the individual. This essay will consider the ways in which health and safety requirements have an impact on the customer and the work of practitioners in the health and social care sector. There will be a range of examples regarding the work place to underpin how health and safety legislations are implemented in the health and social care workplace. â€Å"Social Care worker at all levels in social services organisations have a legal duty of care towards each individual who uses services. People who use services can be and are vulnerable to danger, harm and abuse.†¦show more content†¦This includes being aware of the own behaviour in the client’s house, which could be a trigger for an aggressive reaction of the client. Before entering the house it is necessary to get much information as possible about that family. Other sources such as health visitors or school nurse are useful of contact. To build up a professional â€Å"boundary† with the family and providing information about the own role in support is helpful and the family knows what is to expect from the supporter. The supporter must be aware anytime about the own safety and the supporter must re-assess continually the risks, it is not allowed for the supporter to enter any location where the supporter doesn’t feel safe. â€Å"The information regarding home visiting must be recorded clearly, this includes, the address, contact number, time in and time out. The office staff must be informed before entering the house. (Phone call at least 20 min after entering the house).Regarding the safety policies; it is only allowed to do the home visiting as pairs.† According to (Policies/Safeguarding 2012/Home Visiting Policy) Therefore, to evaluate, the way how the service provider is dealing with information for risk assessment in health and social care is determined for a successful result. Furthermore, the impact to follow the policies in health and social care can be massive on theShow MoreRelatedSocial Determinants Of Health And Health873 Words   |  4 Pages Better research on immigrant health and health outcomes would go a long way to shining a light on how to tackle these problems. The current debate in the research concentrates on social determinants of health such as acculturation, which of course influences a lot of other health and healthcare decisions made by immigrants. However, only focusing on social determinants of health undermines the importance of other factors that also heavily affect immigrant health in the United States. SpecificallyRead MoreSocial Determinants Of Health And Health1238 Words   |  5 Pagesthat are not in the proper state of health. The purpose of using social determinants is to create the optimal social/physical environment that will contribute and allow individuals to enjoy a healthier lifestyle, and thus become healthier. (Social Determinants of Health - Healthy People, n.d., p. 01) The Five key areas that are addressed in the social determinants of health are: Economic Stability, Education, Soc ial and Community Context, Health and Health Care, and Neighborhood and Built EnvironmentRead MoreThe Social Determinants Of Health And Health898 Words   |  4 PagesMental health outcomes vary differently by socioeconomic location for women and men. It is important to critically analyze the various social locations that low-income women living with mental health concerns are currently occupying. These women are occupying these social locations because of the structural inequities that they encounter in relation to their experiences with the social determinants of health. Explanatory frameworks are used to illustrate the relationship between the social determinantsRead MoreSocial Determinants Of Health And Health1170 Words   |  5 PagesSocial determinants of health are social, economic and physical factors that affect the health of individuals in any given population. There are fourteen social determinants of health but Income is perhaps the most important of these because it s hapes living conditions, influences health related behaviors, and determines food security. In Canada, people with lower incomes are more susceptible to disease/ conditions, higher mortality rate, decreased life expectancy and poorer perceived health thanRead MoreHealth and Social803 Words   |  4 Pagesaccessed which can result with the individual not accessing the complementary therapies due to the barriers such as, geographical and financial. Some of the complementary therapies can be funded by the NHS such as reflexology which would benefit health and social care service users who wish to feel more relaxed after having orthodox treatments which can make them feel at pain. Lung cancer would require the individual to undergo more orthodox treatments to get rid of the cancer. However, it wouldRead MoreHealth And Social Health Promotion5594 Words   |  23 PagesHealth and Social Care Study Unit 5: P. 1, P.2, M.1 2A.P1 Describe Health Promotion including the purpose and aims Of Different Health Promotion Activities What is health promotion? Health promotion is a process that has been applied to a wide range of approaches to improving health of people, communities and populations of enabling people to increase control over, their health. Health promotion makes it possible for people to increase control on their health and start to improve their health byRead MorePublic Health And Social Health1983 Words   |  8 PagesPublic health was defined in 1988 by Sir Donald Acheson who described it as the science of promoting health, preventing disease and prolonging life through the organised efforts of society (Acheson 1988). It is through research and surveillance that an understanding of healthcare needs on a society level are obtained, leading to planning interventions to improve health outcomes (Department of Health, (DH) 2012). However, the Marmot report ‘Fair society healthy lives’ (2010) identified vast inequalitiesRead MoreHealth, Social, And The Social Theory Of The Health Industry2288 Words   |  10 PagesIn this essay, my aims are to explain the definition of health, contrasted with a positive definition such as that provided by the ‘World Health Organisation (WHO) in 1974, with its positive and negative concept of health and the definition of disease and its connection to the social model. It will then be followed by the study of Mildred Blaxter (1990). I will also be explaining the definition of the ‘sick role which was introduced by Talcott Parson, with its positive and negative effects onRead MorePublic Health And Social Health1027 Words   |  5 PagesPublic health may implore images of community medical clinics or awareness movements advocating healthy living, but the field is nowhere close to being restricted. Instead, public health professionals are engaged in eve rything from recognizing diseases to designing public policy to assisting refugees unite in new communities. Public health is a considerable part of our everyday lives because it focuses on promoting, protecting, and reestablishing population health. Public health previously shiftedRead MorePublic Health And Social Health869 Words   |  4 Pages In the 20th century, public health was greatly defined, shaped, and heralded by its’ breakthroughs’ against infectious diseases of the time and other communicable diseases. Stern and global policies supporting mass vaccinations and mass hygienic regulations, both created an environment in which Public Health as a discipline was able to advance and counter the plagues and pandemics of its’ day. Contrastingly, in the 21st century, we are globally being faced with a different kind of animal, chronic

The Great Gatsby By Scott Fitzgerald Is A 1920’S Drama

The Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald is a 1920’s drama created in the 1950’s. Jay Gatsby mostly represents the color purple while as nick mostly represents the color green. The color purple is mainly associated with royalty and luxury which is definitely a part of gatsby’s life and personality and the color green is calmness, hopeful and healthy. That is in Nick’s personality but toward the end it becomes less and less. Nick is a very kind and outgoing person. He never makes anybody feel awkward when speaking with him and always responds in a polite manner. He is full of hope and brightness for the future always. â€Å"We shook hands and I started away. Just before I reached the hedge I remembered something and turned around. â€Å"They’re a rotten†¦show more content†¦Green often stands for a lack of growth and experience. This applies to Nick because he is inexperienced with parties and social gatherings like the ones Gatsby has. As wel l as having never experienced being in between a marriage and a long lost love and having to be Gatsby’s wing man and Daisy’s messenger so that the two can have a relationship without Tom knowing. Nick has never really had to deal with those situations since he became an adult. Although green also stands for greed and jealousy. Which those things are definietly not associated with Nick. Not once did Nick show any signs of being greedy or a jealous man. He was always at peace with what he had, like his little hidden cottage and his job that wasn’t what he really wanted to do. While as Gatsby was a little more greedy and ambitious. Gatsby was a mysterious man who was in power and luxury. His mysterious stems from the fact that he always lied to people about his past life and all the things he was invested in. Somebody told me they thought he killed a man once. A thrill passed over all of us. The three Mr. Mumbles bent forward and listened eagerly. I don t think it s so much that, argued Lucille skeptically; it s more that he was a German spy during the war. One of the men nodded in confirmation. I heard that from a man who knew all about him, grew up with him in Germany, he assured us positively. Oh, no, said the first girl, it couldnShow MoreRelatedThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald979 Words   |  4 PagesF. Scott Fitzgerald, an influential writer in the 1920’s writes the American classic novel The Great Gatsby, following the rekindling of a past love between Jay Gatsby and Daisy Buchanan through the perspective of Nick Carraway. Nick observes as the couple reconnects despite Daisy’s cheating husband, Tom Buchanan, and Gatsby’s obsessive manner. He then witnesses as Gatsby takes the blame for Daisy’s mistake of killing Myrtle Wilson and later Gatsby’s death. Myrtle Wilson a minor character in theRead MoreThe Film Of The Same Title By F. Scott Fitzgerald Essay1644 Words   |  7 PagesGreat Gatsby i s a romantic drama conveyed from Baz Luhrmann’s film adaptation of the novel of the same title by F. Scott Fitzgerald. A film of grandeur, fantasy, and sorrow brings alive the story of Nick Caraway’s fateful 1920s summer with the rich and fabulous set in a fictional Long island town. The story is delivered as a flashback from Caraway in a hospital, writing from his memory after an unspecified time after the events occurred. Great Gatsby has been a story popular with mass audiences forRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald1448 Words   |  6 PagesThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald chronicles the life of Jay Gatsby, a self-made man, narrated by a social outsider named Nick Carraway. The story takes place in New York during the Roaring Twenties. In this decade, American’s lives were characterized by a fascination with new technology, great wealth, and an increased emphasis on social activities and leisure. In addition, many Americans engaged in bin ge drinking despite Prohibition laws which made the consumption of alcohol illegal. In orderRead MoreAmerican Dream Derailed in The Great Gatsby and Death of a Salesman1486 Words   |  6 Pagesto America searching for new opportunities and a better life. In the early 1900’s all people could do is dream; however, those dreams gave many different meanings to the phrase â€Å"American dream†, and for the most part, wealth and hard work play a very large role in the pursuit of â€Å"the dream†. In F. Scott Fitzgerald’s novel, The Great Gatsby, and Arthur Miller’s drama, Death of a Salesman, both protagonists, Jay Gatsby and Willy Loman, are convinced that the way to achieve a better life is by livingRead MoreThe Most Ideal Approach To Appreciate Baz LuhrmannS Enormous1179 Words   |  5 PagesThe most ideal approach to appreciate Baz Luhrmann s enormous and loud new form of The Great Gatsby — and regardless of what you may have listened, it i s a prominently charming motion picture — is to set aside whatever artistic motivation you are enticed to carry with you. I give this is not all that effectively done. F. Scott Fitzgerald s slim, beguiling third novel has gathered a heavier weight of social hugeness than it can without much of a stretch bear. Short and sufficiently open to beRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald3492 Words   |  14 Pages The Great Gatsby Reimagined For Today’s Society The Great Gatsby (1925), the first novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerald, takes place during prohibition. As depicted in the novel, jazz and alcohol made the culture in the early 20th century feel alive. The novel communicates how the culture was in New York City and why the main character Jay Gatsby held parties so he could see his beloved debutante, Daisy Buchanan. But more importantly, the audience becomes more connected to the film entirelyRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald2390 Words   |  10 Pages Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald Francis Scott Key Fitzgerald is an American short story writer and novelist who lived in the period between 24th September 1994 to 21st December 1940; his works are considered to be the paradigmatic compositions of the Jazz Age. He is a well-known member of the â€Å"Lost Generation† of the 20th century. During his life, he completed a total of four novels; Beautiful and Damned, This Side of Paradise, Tender Is the Night and The Great Gatsby (the most popular of all his stories)Read MoreEssay The Great Gatsby2606 Words   |  11 PagesThe Great Gatsby The Great Gatsby belongs to what Harold Bloom tags the â€Å"tomb† of literary archetypes, a family of fiction that espouses every facet of the expressive use of language (everything from Shakespeare’s plays to Dickens’ prose). As a participant in this tomb, The Great Gatsby has adopted a convenient persona in the world of twentieth century literature as â€Å"the great American novel,† a work that embodies the American thematic ideals of the self-made man, the great AmericanRead MoreThe Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald864 Words   |  4 Pagespossible to repeat the past? Can one really recreate something that happened years before? According to Jay Gatsby in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby it is possible; and it has been done for the book The Great Gatsby itself. The Great Gatsby has been adapted into film many times by various directors; however, there are two that are considered most popular. The first really popular The G reat Gatsby was Jack Clayton’s version that was released in 1974, and more recently Baz Luhrmann’s version that wasRead MoreGreat Gatsby Film Analysis Essay903 Words   |  4 PagesThe Great Gatsby Film Analysis The 2013 drama/romance movie, The Great Gatsby, is the second movie adaption made based off the novel written by F. Scott Fitzgerald in 1925. Co-written and directed by Baz Luhrmann, this film received both glory and criticism upon its release. The Great Gatsby is well known for its â€Å"Gatsby era† as well as the love encircled between money and power. Without the glitz and glam of this story in conjunction with the forever love Jay Gatsby, a millionaire known for his

Juvenile Psychopaths Essay Example For Students

Juvenile Psychopaths Essay What is the super predator? He or she are young hypercriminals who are committing acts of violence of unprecedentedcoldness and brutality. This newest phenomena in the world of crime is perhaps the most dangerous challenge facing society and law enforcement ever. While psychopaths are not new, this breed of super criminal exceeds the scope of psychopathic behavior. They are younger, more brutal, and completely unafraid of the law. While current research on the super predator is scarce, I will attempt to give an indication as to the reasons a child could become just such a monster. Violent teenage criminals are increasingly vicious. John DiIulio, Professor of Politics and Public Affairs at Princeton University, says that The difference between the juvenile criminals of the 1950s and those of the 1970s and early 1980s was the difference between the Sharks and the Jets of West Side Story and the Bloods and the Crips. It is not inconceivable that the demographic surge of the next ten years will bring with it young criminals who make the Bloods and the Crips look tame. (10) They are what Professor DiIulio and others call urban super predators; young people, often from broken homes or so-called dysfunctional families, who commit murder, rape, robbery, kidnapping, and other violent acts. These emotionally damagedyoung people, often are the products of sexual or physical abuse. They live in an aimless and violent present; have no sense of the past and no hope for the future; they commit unspeakably brutal crimes against other people, often to gratify whatever urges or desires drive them at the moment and their utter lack of remorse is shocking. (9) Studies reveal that the major cause of violent crime is not poverty but family breakdown specifically, the absence of a father in the household. Today, right now, one-fourth of all the children in the United States are living in fatherless homes this adds up to 19 million children without fathers. Compared to children in two parent family homes, these children will be twice as likely to drop out of school, twice as likely to have children out of wedlock, and they stand more than three times the chance of ending up in poverty, and almost ten times more likely to commit violent crime and ending up in jail. (1) The Heritage Foundation a Conservative think tank reported that the rise in violent crime over the past 30 years runs directlyparallel to the rise in fatherless families. In every state in our country, according to the Heritage foundation, the rate for juvenilecrime is closely linked to the percentage of children raised in single-parent families. And while it has long been thought that poverty is the primary cause of crime, the facts simply do not support this view. Teenage criminal behavior has its roots in habitual deprivation of parental love and affection going back to early infancy, according to the Heritage Foundation. A fathers attention to his son has enormous positive effects on a boys emotional and social development. But a boy abandoned by his father in deprived of a deep sense of personal security, In a well-functioning family, he continued, the very presence of the father embodies authority and this paternal authority is critical to the prevention of psychopathology and delinquency. (2) On top of the problem of single parent homes, is the problem of the children whose behavioral problems are linked to their mothers crack use during pregnancy. These children are reaching their teenage years and this is a potentially very aggressive population, according to Sheldon Greenberg, director of Johns Hopkins Universitys Police Executive Leadership Program. Whats more, drug use has more than doubled among 12- to 17-year-olds since 1991. The overwhelming common factor that can be isolated in determining whether young people will be criminal in their behavior is moral poverty, Greenberg says. (3) According to the recently published Body Count: Moral Poverty . . . and How to Win America s War Against Crime and Drugs, a new generation of super-predators, untouched by any moral inclinations, will hit Americas streets in the next decade. John DiIulio, the Brookings Institute fellow who co-wrote the book with William Bennett and John Walters, calls it a multi variate phenomenon, meaning that child abuse, the high number of available high-tech guns, alcoholism and many other factors feed the problem. University of Pennsylvania professor Mavin Wolfgang says, 6 percent to 7 percent of the boys in an age group will be chronic offenders, meaning they are arrested five or more times before the age of 18. If that holds true, because there will be 500,000 more boys ages 14 to 17 in the year 2000 than there were in 1995, there will be at least 30,000 more youth criminals on the streets. Between 1990 and 2010, there will be 4.5 million more boys, yielding 270,000 young criminals. The big destruction happens early, Heritage Foundation fellow Pat Fagan says. By the age of 4 or 5, the kid is really warped. Psychologists can predict by the age of 6 wholl be the super-predators. According to Fagan: Child abuse and alcohol ruin these children. But the groundwork was laid three decades ago with the widespread adoption of birth control, which made the sexual revolution possible. It altered peoples dedication to their children and altered a fundamental orientation of society. Sexual morality got unanchored in the 1960s, followed by the legalization of abortion. Abortion is a very definite rejection of the child. So is out-of- wedlock births, as well as divorce, he says. The everyone s afraid of were abused kids. Theres sexual abuse and alcohol, and just the general decline in the cultural knowledge of what love is. In 1950, for every 100 children born, he says, 12 had divorced parents or were born out of wedlock. In 1992, that number had quadrupled to 60 children for every 100 born. Throw abortion into the mix, and the number shoots up to 92 per 100. (4) John Dilulio asserts that each generation of crime-prone boys has been about three times as dangerous as the one before it. And, he argues, the downhill slide into utter moral bankruptcy is about to speed up because each generation of youth criminals is growing up in more extreme conditions of moral poverty than the one before it. Mr. Dilulio defines moral poverty as growing up surrounded by deviant, delinquent, and criminal adults in abusive, violence-ridden, fatherless, Godless, and jobless settings. The super-predator, as told to a Washington press gathering by DiIulio, is a breed of criminal so dangerous that even the older inmates working their way through life sentences complain that their youthful counterparts are out of control. He describes these teen criminals as radically present-oriented. Because their time horizon may be as short as the next guards shift, they have no capacity to defer gratification for the sake of the future. When these super- predators were asked by DiIulio or other inmates if they would commit their crimes again, most answer, Why not? DiIulio also says, they are radically self-regarding incapable of feeling joy or pain at the joy or pain of others. (7) According to Dilulio, todays juvenile super-predators are driven by two profound developmental defects. They are radicallypresent-oriented, perceiving no relationship between action and reactionreward or punishmentand they are radically self-regarding. Nothing is sacred to them. They live only for what brings them pleasure and a sense of power, placing zero value on the lives of their victims. Ultimately, concludes Mr. Dilulio, only a return to religion will restore to youth the sense of personal responsibility that leads to moral behavior. He cites a growing body of scientific evidence from a variety of academic disciplines that indicates that churches ameliorate or cure many severe socioeconomic ills. Let argue church-state issues. Elderly Nutrition Essay In the vacuum, drug dealers and gansta rappers serve as role models. I was a bad-ass street gladiator, one convicted murderer said, but these kids are stone-cold predators. (10) Even more shocking than the sheer volume of violent juvenile crime is the brutality of the crime committed for trivial motives: apair of sneakers, a jacket, a real or imagined insult, a momentary cheap thrill. For example: * A 59-year-old man out on a morning stroll in Lake Tahoe was fatally shot four times by teenagers looking for someone to scare. The police say the four teenagers just 15 and 16 years old were thrill shooting. * A 12-year-old and two other youths were charged with kidnapping a 57-year-old man and taking a joy ride in his Toyota. As the man pleaded for his life, the juveniles shot him to death. * A 14-year-old boy was murdered while trying to reclaim a $2,500 stereo system he had received from his grandfather. Five juveniles, ranging in age from 15 through 17 years, were charged with the crime. (10)Profiles In every community, roughly 2 percent of the juvenile offender population is responsible for up to 60 percent of the violent juvenile crime. Only 25 to 35 juveniles in every 100,000 members of the population will engage in criminal activity that matches the Serious Habitual Offender pattern. Based on criteria developed by the Reagan team at the Department of Justice, this means that 0. 03 percent to 0.04 percent of all juveniles between 14 and 17 years old will be SHOs. A profile of a Serious Habitual Offender was collected from data collected and analyzed by the Reagan Administration team at the U.S. Department of Justice in the 1980s presents a graphic portrait of the serious habitual offender: The typical SHO is male, 15 years and six months old. He has been arrested 11 to 14 times, exclusive of status offenses, and five times for felonies. He comes from a dysfunctional family; and in 46 percent of cases, at least one of his parents also has an arrest history. He has received long-term and continuing social services from as many as six different community service agencies, including family, youth, mental health, social services, school, juvenile, or police authorities, and continues to drain these resources for years before he is finally incarcerated as a career criminal. The typical SHOs family history follows a classic pattern of social pathologies: 53 percent of his siblings also have a history of arrest; and in 59 percent of these cases, there is no father figure in the home. The absence of a father is particularly destructive for boys; only 2 percent of SHOs are female. Furthermore, 68 percent of these offenders have committed crimes of violence, 15 percent have a history of committing sex crimes, and 51 percent have a reported missing or runaway record. If a broken family characterized by physical or sexual abuse is an early indicator of criminal behavior, then virtually all of these serious habitual offenders fit this category. These findings are consistent with the Heritage Foundations widely reported analysis of the true root causes of violent crime, particularly the crimogenic conditions associated with broken or dysfunctional families. (10) * SHOs do not consider the crimes they have committed to be all that bad.* Forty-five percent are gang members, 64 percent associate with other serious habitual offenders, and 75 percent abuse drugs. Recent studies show that illegal drug use among the young is on the rise and a significant majority of all present day SHOs-Super Predators- use or sell illegal drugs and often become addicted themselves. Illegal drug use and alcohol abuse tend to be regular features of their criminal conduct. Drugs, in particular, are part of the criminal scene of these juvenile offenders, and the use and sale of drugs contributes significantly to a SHOs other criminal activity. The need to purchase illegal drugs, combined with the warped hedonism of the addict, shapes and drives much of the criminal activity of this class of criminals. Conclusion: Juvenile crime and violence is on the rise. Many criminologists are calling it an epidemic, a ticking time bomb, the calm before the storm and a long descent into night, you choose the cliche. The reasons for this rise in teen crime seems to have its roots not so much in poverty as it does to poverty of values. Experts like John DiIulio and James Q.Wilson believe that the cure lies in a renaissance of personal responsibility, and a reassertion of responsibility over rights and community over egoism. There is definitely a need for more study on the new breed of teen criminal -the Super Predator- But we dont need yet another library full of jargon-riddled criminology studies to tell us what the Roman sages knew: what society does to children, children will do to society. While most in the education as well as the psychological fields blanch Whenever the terms values, church, responsibility, andfamily, are bandied about. But the inescapable reality is that since the sixties, when these terms were castigated and relegated to being quaint, we have witnessed an incredibly fast and pernicious rise in the types of pathologies that have accompanied the decline of the family structure. While I am by no means a religious zealot, it seems to me that government has been a poor substitute for the family and the church in teaching basic core values. Government certainly has a role to play financially, but the strictures and the applications of any type of largess need to come from Community leaders or clergy members who have a real stake in the community. While it is tragic that there seem to be a large number of lost youths mired in a life of crime and violence, the safety of thecommunity, especially the children in the community, should be the primary concern. While I agree with John DiIulio, that we need more churches, I also feel that if more jails need to be built to house young thugs, build them. If children as young as 7, 8, or 9 yrs of age need to be incarcerated like adults, do it. While this may seem harsh, I believe that it is the only way to prevent further decay. With harsher enforcement of laws towards violent minors enforced, attention can be paid to addressing the ills that create the problem; family decay. More attention needs to be paid to the people who actually live in the communities affected. We must deal with this problem ofthe super predator teen thug swiftly and harshly, before its too late to save the children in danger of falling in with or becoming victims of crime themselvesBibliography. Bibliography1- Ethnic NewsWatch ? SoftLine Information, Inc., Stamford, CT2- F.R. Duplantier, The Importance Of Fathers 08-16-1995, HERITAGE FOUNDATION HOME PAGE3-Worsham, James-Blakely, Stephen-al, et, Crime and drugs. ., Vol. 85, Nations Business, 02-01-1997, pp 24.4-Julia Duin, Alarm over crime puts focus on nations `moral crisis. , The Washington Times, 11-17-1996, pp 31.5-Parker, Shafer, Violence with a youthful face.., Vol. 23, Alberta Report /Western Report, 06-17-1996, pp 27.6- Richard Zoglin Reported By Sam Allis/Boston And Ratu Kamlani/NEW YORK,CRIME: NOW FOR THE BAD NEWS: A TEENAGE TIME BOMB., TIME, 01-15-1996, pp 52+.7-NINA J. EASTON, The Crime Doctor Is In; But Not Everyone Likes Prof. JohnDiIulios Message: There Is No Big Fix; Home Edition., Los Angeles Times, 05-02-1995, pp E-1.8-Paul Kaihla, NO CONSCIENCE, NO REMORSE. MACLEANs 1/22/969- William J. Bennett, John J. DiIulio, Jr., and John P. Walters BODY