The Freedom of a Christian †Informal Theology Essay

The Freedom of a Christian – Informal Theology Essay Free Online Research Papers The Freedom of a Christian Informal Theology Essay Of all the great schisms dividing those belonging to the Christian faith, few are so strong and create a greater rift than the issue of the way to salvation- the issue of faith vs. works. In the world of Martin Luther, the Catholic Church had for centuries built itself up as an institution providing the way of salvation through teaching and performing works- ceremonies, laws, ritual, etc. Although there is much ceremonial instruction in the scriptures, much of the traditions to that point were based not on scriptural support but long-standing custom and ritual. Luther, however, advocates not the focus on works such as these as a means of attaining salvation, but on faith in the Word of God. To demonstrate that there is a reason for the constant discussion of works in the scriptures, even though they are not a way to salvation, Luther explains that their purpose is twofold- to explain to us the standards and characteristics of God, and to show us that although we cannot achieve those standards, He has promised us that we may be saved through faith in Christ. The whole canon of scripture, Luther explains, â€Å"is divided into two parts: commandments and promises† (282). The Old Testament, the earliest record of the prophets and the word of God to His people, contains the commandments and thus is centrally concerned with works- the ceremonies and laws that God requires of us. These laws are absolute and definite; they do not give any leeway or room for excuse or pardon. When one has gone against these laws- and here we speak centrally of the Ten Commandments- one has sinned. Moreover, Luther elucidates, it is impossible to keep these standards all of the time. They define the perfect person- one with no sin or error, and no man save Christ has ever been perfect. He quotes Paul as teaching that all of us have sinned and we all fall short of the glory of God. Therefore, we all are imperfect and do not live up to the standards given in the Old Testament. For example, Luther gives the example of â€Å"Thou shalt not covet† (282 ). He teaches that none of us are free from that sin, and we cannot be, no matter how hard we try. Understanding the tenets of the Old Testament is a revelation of our identity as human- to know sin is to know our inability to live up to the standards of God. So we despair and sorrow that we are imperfect and cannot ever become perfect, and then the harsh Scripture of God fades into New Testament and we are introduced to the promises of the scriptures. Because no man will ever live so that he never betrays the standards introduced in the Old Testament, God has provided Jesus Christ to save us from our fallen state. The promise of God is outlined in the New Testament. It is this- that Christ has provided a way to salvation for us, and it is only through faith in him, and no other way, that we can be saved. Therefore, the works and ceremonial ritual in the scriptures are not the way to salvation- they are standards that demonstrate a God-like life- standards which we will never fully live up to until the life to come. So we are promised salvation, if we have faith in Christ- if we believe what He has said- if we believe in his power to save us. Good works, then, are a natural outpouring of a man with faith in Christ, but those good works a lone are not what saves that man. We are saved by the Word of God. Martin Luther teaches us that the meaning of Word of God is the fundamental gospel- the promise that through faith in Christ we can attain salvation. Salvation is a free gift; to accept it we must believe in the words of God and show that we place God in the position of highest trustworthiness. Although there are those that would take the words of Luther and the spirit of the â€Å"saved by faith† principle to a decadent extreme, Luther truly shows that he is a scholar of the scriptures and understands their true purpose in their application to our salvation. Research Papers on The Freedom of a Christian - Informal Theology EssayComparison: Letter from Birmingham and Crito19 Century Society: A Deeply Divided EraArguments for Physician-Assisted Suicide (PAS)Moral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenHip-Hop is ArtThe Project Managment Office SystemPETSTEL analysis of IndiaAnalysis Of A Cosmetics AdvertisementQuebec and Canada

Analysis of First Eucharistic Prayer Research Paper

Analysis of First Eucharistic Prayer - Research Paper Example Scholar Mazza explores and examines the four texts available to him in order to decipher the structure and content of the First Eucharistic Prayer: (1) Jewish festive meal, (2) Luke’s Last Supper, (3) Didache, and (4) the First Letter to the Corinthians. The â€Å"texts† that describe the rituals characterized in the Jewish festive meal and the Didache were written anonymously since both texts are oral tradition; this implies that the two texts were made by the people who practiced them -- there was no particular author who wrote them. In Luke’s document, it is assumed that the writer is Luke who was one of the disciples of Jesus. And the author of the Letter to the Corinthians is none other than St. Paul himself. In his rigorous research, Mazza uncovers the nature of this Eucharistic Prayer and how it shapes the study of Christology and Ecclesiology. According to Mazza (1999, p.20), Luke’s description of the Last Supper has similarity or â€Å"analogous† to the Jewish festive meal. Monti (1993, p.117) says that the Last Supper instituted by Jesus of Nazareth is considered by many Christians as the â€Å"most important aspects of this liturgy (i.e., eucharistic prayer).† And Mazza attempts to find a connection or relationship between the Last Supper and the Jewish festive meal; after all, Jesus was fundamentally a Jew. There are three basic stages of the Jewish festive meal: first, the rite of the Qiddush as an introduction to the festive celebration; second, the meal proper; and third, the rite of the cup accompanied by Birkat ha-Mazon (Mazza, 1999). In the Qiddush rite, it begins with the rite of the cup and the reading taken from the passage in the Book of Genesis. Afterwards, a short blessing is performed. At the concluding part of the Qiddush is the rite of bread. After the rite of the Qiddush and the me al proper is the recitation of the Birkat ha-Mazon; Birkat ha-Mazon is a ritual characterized by thanksgiving to God, usually

Contrast, Comparison, and Definition of Writing Style Essay

Contrast, Comparison, and Definition of Writing Style - Essay Example In this essay about Purchasing a Home, it stands quite right to define the concept of defining the idea of ‘Buying a House’ and what it may mean to different people. Definition essays also mean to illustrate the application of the terms that is sought to be defined hence, it is quite correct to want to define the concept of ‘purchasing a house’, before delving further into it. In this essay, although the terms ‘purchasing a house’ literally means to buy a house, however, the implications of buying a house may vary with different points of view. People may have their own reasons and needs to clarify the term. Emphasis can be laid on similarities of opinions while buying a house; wherein a certain class of people may or may not like a certain kind of house. On the basis of this, one can use the ‘Contrast Essay’ methodology onto this essay. One can accentuate the contrasts in this essay in a number of ways. For example, the advantages of one kind of house over the other or purchasing a house in an urban area as opposed to purchasing a house in a rural area. Contrasts can be made in the prices of houses that are being purchased. In fact, all areas of subjectivity can be issued to contrast essays. Usually, contrasting in this essay will involve analyzing the situations that are being put forth by the writer.

Coastal Land Management Outlook: Tokyo

Coastal Land Management Outlook: Tokyo Coastal Land Management Outlook  Of The City Of  Tokyo    Introduction All around the world, the coastal resources are under bringing pressure to bear from population growth and development. More people are placed in coastal areas than in any other type of area, so that putting a strain on beaches, marine plants and animals, water resources, and natural resources. Coastal land management programs strive to protect coastal resources for future generations while balancing todays competing economic, cultural and environmental interests. The shortage of land resources, quality degradation and inefficient use has become an important restrictive factor affecting the ecological security and sustainable development of coastal developed areas. It is likewise a practical problem faced by land use management and planning decision. Many famous coastal cities in the world, such as Perth, Tokyo, Hong Kong and New York City, because of the contradiction between people and land is becoming more and more prominent, and land use becomes more and more complicated. Their c oastal land management is facing a series of issues and opportunities. Tokyo, as one of the coastal cities in the world, is selected to discuss its coastal land management outlook in this report. This report will focus on the following aspects: i) Background discussion in an international and national context. ii) The SWOT analysis for Tokyo. iii) The basic profile of Tokyo city iv) a range of coastal land management issues, opportunities, policies and prospects. v) Methods to solute and improve the current situation vi) Community and business sentiment. Each of these aspects is intricately linked. Background discussion International context It is indisputable fact that the key pressures that impact the coastal land management in the worldwide include population growth, pollution and climate variability. Due to the increasing number of housing, commercial, recreational, industrial and retail, the number of tourism increase and cause the coastal population growth. At the same time, pollution such as chemical, physical and biological waste also increases. For example, more tourism means more demand for hotels and tourist infrastructure in coastal areas, because of this, more trees or vegetation are cut down and used to build these facilities. In this process, trees as barriers may lose and also cause the loss of habitat and biodiversity, which means increasing of the coastal erosion. For this reason, the probability of the occurrence of natural disasters will increase. Therefore, coastal land management issues are interlocking and coastal land manager should pay attention to every problem. In addition, coastal land managem ent has its opportunities in global is an economic benefit. The main positive economic impacts of sustainable coastal tourism are contributions to government revenues, foreign exchange earnings, generation of employment, and business opportunities (WWF-Canon and SIIRLIA, 2008). Moreover, the policies of coastal land management are made as plans to provide non-regulatory policy guidance to coastal land managers in order to protect and manage coastal areas (Queensland, 2016). Cities have already transformed their local environments. So adapting to living with global change will likely usher in a new era of environmental and social transformation in the future (Coastal megacities, 2015). National context Furthermore, in the national contexts of Japan, the contemporary issues of the coastal land management in Tokyo are natural disaster, human utilization and ecology problems. Due to the unique topography, most of Japans coastlines are threatened by flooding and high waves during the typhoon season and earthquake. In addition, Japans coastline is prone to erosion. Thus, prevention of disasters related to typhoons, tsunamis, and erosion is one important functional aspect of coastal land management in Tokyo in Japan. Tokyo Bay area brings a fantastic business opportunity which produces 40% of Japans GDP every year. The coastal land is an extremely important gateway for both people and goods flowing into and out of the Tokyo metropolitan area (jsce, 2017). A basic theoretical framework for an integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) scheme in Japan is introduced. Specifically, it must address the ecological, human utilization, and disaster prevention aspects discussed above. Thus, seekin g a long-term and broad-based perspective in coastal management and creation of a healthy and stable environment foundation is the goal of ICZM (oldsite.nautilus, 2017). The SWOT Analysis for Tokyo Strengths Weaknesses 1. Diversity of tourist attractions and services. 2. Easily accessible location. 3. Improve the efficiency of business. 4. Increase the trade including import and export. 1. High coastal land maintenance costs 2. The density of human activities in coastal areas is too high Opportunities Threats 1. New product development in coastal areas 2. Disaster management 3. Growing economy 1. Flooding and high waves during the typhoon season 2. In the seismic zone Introduction to Tokyo Basic Profile Tokyo is located in the southern tip of the Kanto plain, roughly in the center of the Japanese archipelago. Tokyo is the largest city in Asia, the worlds second largest city, one of the worlds largest economic centers. According to Higashide (undated), the total area of Tokyo is 2,190.93 square kilometres. The area of Tokyo is 0.6% of the total area of Japan. As of October 1, 2015, the population of Tokyo is estimated to be 13.491 million, or about 11% of Japans total population, and it has the largest population among all the 47 prefectures. With a population density of 6,158 persons per square kilometer, Tokyo is the most densely populated prefecture in Japan (metro, 2017). Economic Profile The Tokyo region is Japans leading industrial center, the major economic base of Tokyo is manufacturing base. Heavy industries are concentrated in Chiba, Kawasaki, and Yokohama, while Tokyo proper is strongly inclined toward light industry, including book printing and the production of electronic equipment (city-data, 2017). Transport Profile Tokyo represents one of the most efficient and fast public transport systems in the world. It combines an extensive train network, underground subway lines, a bus system, taxis, and car rentals (tokyo-tokyo, 2017). According to japan-guide (2017), Tokyo is covered by a dense network of trains, subway and bus lines, which are operated by about a dozen different companies. Train lines operated by JR East and the subway lines are most convenient for moving around central Tokyo. Availability of public and green spaces    Tokyo also contains numerous parks and gardens. There are four national parks in Tokyo Prefecture, including the Fuji-Hakone-Izu National Park, which includes all of the Izu Islands (gojapango, 2017). The percentage of public green space (parks and gardens) is 7.5% in Tokyo (Worldcitiescultureforum, 2017). Issues Tokyo is faced with two major environmental crises. The first one is the threat of damage to health caused by air pollution aggravated with the increase in the number of automobiles on the road and the amount of chemicals released into the atmosphere. The other crisis is the problem of the heat island effect in urban areas caused by enormous energy consumption and global warming due to the increase of carbon dioxide in the air (legcogov, 2017). Opportunities Polices Prospects Sentiment Recommendation As mentioned above, coastal land has brought huge economic wealth to Tokyo. Therefore it is important to save coastal land spaces and use land economic, make every piece of land valuable. The current issues of the coastal land management in Tokyo are natural disaster, human utilization and ecology problems. In order to address its root causes. Perhaps the most effective method of doing this would be for the coastal land managers to set up a coastal management plan. As well as using soft engineering and hard engineering solutions to improve quality of coastal land. Determine the goal of the integrated coastal zone management (ICZM) scheme, follow a good coastal management plan to create a healthy and stable environment foundation in the future. Conclusion Bibliography Coastal megacities (2015) Coastal megacities: Risks and opportunities. Available at: http://www.igbp.net/news/features/features/coastalmegacitiesrisksandopportunities.5.62dc35801456272b46d17b.html (Accessed: 22 February 2017). Higashide, M. (no date) à £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Ãƒ ©Ã†â€™Ã‚ ½Ãƒ ©Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬Å"à ¥Ã‚ ºÃ…“à §Ã…“Å’Ã £Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ºÃƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã‚ £Ãƒ £Ã†â€™Ã‚ »Ãƒ ©Ã‚ Ã‚ ¢Ãƒ §Ã‚ ©Ã‚ Ãƒ £Ã†â€™Ã‚ »Ãƒ ¤Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ºÃƒ ¥Ã‚ Ã‚ £Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ¯Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒ ¥Ã‚ ºÃ‚ ¦Ãƒ £Ã†â€™Ã‚ ©Ãƒ £Ã†â€™Ã‚ ³Ãƒ £Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ ­Ãƒ £Ã†â€™Ã‚ ³Ãƒ £Ã¢â‚¬Å¡Ã‚ °. Available at: http://uub.jp/rnk/p_j.html (Accessed: 22 February 2017). Queensland (2016) Coastal management plan. Available at: https://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/coastalplan/ (Accessed: 22 February 2017). WWF-Canon and SIIRLIA, E. (2008) Impact of tourism in coastal areas: Need of sustainable tourism strategy. Available at: http://www.coastalwiki.org/wiki/Impact_of_tourism_in_coastal_areas:_Need_of_sustainable_tourism_strategy#Benefits_of_Sustainable_coastal_tourism (Accessed: 22 February 2017). Chrome http://wenku.baidu.com/link?url=sHBY68U77eGSkEoJLBDE5TApTx13B6X5e5G4oiYzYVxRC0jngpsyQFvcGTkIS8-fSu_l_HXlHxvYlQF9agbZDCQ9kvZoJJm5tmxQNC48TKK http://ielts.xdf.cn/201207/7007413.html http://enviroeducation.com/resources/coastal-management-academic-requirements-professional-outlook http://www.coastalwiki.org/wiki/Impact_of_tourism_in_coastal_areas:_Need_of_sustainable_tourism_strategy#Benefits_of_Sustainable_coastal_tourism https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coastal_management http://www.environment.nsw.gov.au/coasts/coastreforms-act.htm http://www.huaxia.com/hxhy/hyqy/2011/06/2463210.html http://www.cntraveler.com/galleries/2016-06-24/the-25-best-coastal-cities-in-the-world/17 http://www.igbp.net/news/features/features/coastalmegacitiesrisksandopportunities.5.62dc35801456272b46d17b.html https://www.ehp.qld.gov.au/coastalplan/ http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0964569114002944 http://www.academia.edu/1477305/The_Issue_of_Tokyo_Bay_s_Reclaimed_Lands_as_the_Origin_of_Urban_Utopias_in_Modern_Japanese_Architecture http://www.azocleantech.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=539 http://www.jsce.or.jp/kokusai/civil_engineering/2007/91-4-1.pdf http://oldsite.nautilus.org/archives/papers/energy/IsobeESENAY2.pdf http://nautilus.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/04/NakataESENAY2.pdf https://www.insightguides.com/destinations/asia-pacific/japan/tokyo/profile http://www.kouwan.metro.tokyo.jp/jigyo/faq/kisei/hozen/ https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E6%9D%B1%E4%BA%AC%E9%83%BD#.E6.A6.82.E8.A6.81 http://www.encyclopedia.com/places/asia/japanese-political-geography/tokyo#INTRODUCTION https://www.google.com.au/webhp?sourceid=chrome-instantion=1espv=2ie=UTF-8#q=the+basic+profile+of+Tokyo https://translate.google.com.au/?hl=zh-CN#en/zh-CN/Cities%20have%20already%20transformed%20their%20local%20environments%2C%20so%20adapting%20to%20live%20with%20global%20change%20will%20likely%20usher%20in%20a%20new%20era%20of%20environmental%20and%20social%20transformation%20in%20the%20future. https://www.gojapango.com/location/tokyo/tokyo/ http://www.legco.gov.hk/yr05-06/english/sec/library/0506in30e.pdf http://www.worldcitiescultureforum.com/data/of-public-green-space-parks-and-gardens https://tokyo-tokyo.com/tokyo_transportation.htm http://www.japan-guide.com/e/e2017.html http://www.city-data.com/world-cities/Tokyo-Economy.html http://www.metro.tokyo.jp/ENGLISH/ABOUT/HISTORY/history03.htm http://uub.jp/rnk/p_j.html http://www.tokyomap.com/ http://reports.advisorgate.com/swot-t/6552-swot-analysis-tokyo.html http://www.medmaritimeprojects.eu/download/ProjectMitomed/MITOMED%20SWOTanalysis.pdf http://www.glocom.ac.jp/column/1991/07/a_theory_of_integrated_coastal.html#3 Edge web http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-16_u-140_t-414_c-1451/coastal-management/nsw/coastal-management/issues-in-australian-environments/geographical-issues-physical-environments https://www.planning.wa.gov.au/dop_pub_pdf/6_Common_Problems.pdf https://www.environment.gov.au/science/soe/2011-report/11-coasts/2-major-issues http://www.wordhippo.com/what-is/another-word-for/international.html http://www.skwirk.com/p-c_s-16_u-140_t-414_c-1451/coastal-management/nsw/coastal-management/issues-in-australian-environments/geographical-issues-physical-environments https://www.planning.wa.gov.au/dop_pub_pdf/6_Common_Problems.pdf https://www.environment.gov.au/science/soe/2011-report/11-coasts/2-major-issues

Hernan Cortes - Reasons for Success :: American America History

Hernan Cortes - Reasons for Success Why was Cortes with 508 soldiers able to conquer the Aztec Empire with millions of people? Cortes was able to conquer the Aztecs for several very different reasons. In combination these reasons allowed him to have the upper hand in the conquest of Mexico. Arguably these reasons can be sorted into six different categories. The various causes for Cortes' success will be assessed in a climax pattern. To begin with the Aztecs had a harsh tribute system that was not popular among the people of Mexico. This cruel tribute system allowed Cortes to act as a liberator. Furthermore, with the Spanish brought several diseases into Mexico in witch they were immune to but the Aztecs were not. The spread of diseases such as small pox reduced the Aztec population and furthered Cortes' success unintentionally Also Marina was a tribal girl given as a gift to Cortes, she proved invaluable in translating local dialects in combination with Geronimo de Aguilar. Also an important aspect of his success was due to Montezuma's belief that Cortes was Quetzakoatl. A predominant reason for the Spanish success was due to their weaponry especially their armour and firepower. Perhaps the most important reason of all was that of Cortes' Indian allies such as the Tlaxcalans who made up the majority of his combined army. All these reasons worked together to allow Cortes, originally with 508 men to conquer the Aztec Empire of millions of people. To begin with, the Aztec's cruel tribute system allowed Cortes to act as a liberator. The process of human sacrifice was extremely common and was feared by the majority of the common people. The Aztecs as a nourishment for the Sun and all other gods needed human sacrifice. The Aztecs sacrificed between 10,000 and 50,000 victims per year. As the majority of those who were sacrificed were war captives who opposed the Aztecs, they obviously greatly feared the brutal tribute system. However not only war captives were sacrifices, common adults and children were also sacrificed at times. Cortes himself was disgusted at the thought of human sacrifice, this allowed him to gain Indian allies as well as gain respect among Mexican tribes that feared and opposed the Aztecs. The majority of the population feared the process therefore making Cortes, whom despised the process, an appealing alternative. Many followed Cortes as they shared the same views on the 'human sacrifice' topic.

Artifical Insemination

OUTLINE WORKSHEET MOTIVATED SEQUENCE DESIGN| | | SPEECH TITLE | Topic: Artificial Insemination| Specific Purpose: To persuade people to use artificial insemination instead of adoption. | Thesis Statement: Artificial insemination is a topic not may people openly discus unless they have complications, but I want to tell you about somethings that might want to pick insemination, the sperm banks, as well as the donors one may have. | | | I. Introduction| A. Attention Material (focus attention on problem): As a high school student, you may ask yourself, â€Å"Why should I be concerned about having children? But once you are married and are ready to have kids, there is always a possibility that something could go wrong. And if adoption is not the path you choose to take then artificial insemination is going to be helpful. | | B. Tie to Audience: Right now many of you are 17, and 18 years old, so you are not planning to have children, hopefully, not for a while. But the information I will be giving, can be used in the future. Not everyone is able to have children naturally, it is sometimes necessary to professionally get impregnated. | | C. Credibility Material: WebMD. 2005. 8 12 2011 | | D. Thesis & Preview: | In my opinion insemination would be the path I pick over adoption, adoption there is always a possibility that the parent will come back and want to see their child, there is also the fact that you would need to tell that child â€Å"oh yeah, your adopted† and then have them be upset, or any other slight disappointment that might go wrong. One can use sperm banks, and known donors, to keep things simple. The easiest option is insemination! | (Transition into Body of Speech)| II. Body| A. Main Point #1 – Aritficial Insemenation | 1. (Statement of Need for Action) if one cannot get pregnant| a. (Description of Problem) Some people need to get | b. (Signs, Symptoms, Effects of Problem)| c. (Example, Narrative, or Testimony)| | 2. (Importance of Problem) some couples want to have children. | | b. (Facts/Statistics) More than three million married American women say they want to have babies but are physically unable to conceive. 45 percent of the nation's nearly 27. million couples have been unable to have children or have had difficulty in conceiving: 19 percent have been sterilized for contraceptive reasons; 10 percent have been sterilized for other purposes, such as medical problems, and 16 percent, or 4. 3 million, were unable to have children for other reasons. | c. (Expert Testimony) | 3. (Who is Affected) mainly same sex couples, or couples that are not able to have children on their own. | a. (Facts/Statistics) The study by the National Center for Health Statistics also documents a marked increase of younger couples who are medically unable to have children. It speculates the rise may result from the increasing cases of sterility-causing diseases| b. (Example/Narrative) | (Transition into Main Point 2)| B. Main Point #2 (Present Solution that Satisfies Need) sperm banks are located all over the world| 1. (Description of Solution) Insemination is when sperm is inserted into a woman's uterus to attempt to create a pregnancy. Artificial insemination is a popular way for lesbians to get pregnant. A woman can use sperm from a known donor or from a sperm bank. This can be a close friend or sometimes a relative of their partner| a. (How Solution Satisfies Need) it gives you the option to at least have a child whether you are a gay couple or don’t want to use your significant others sperm. | b. (How Solution can be Implemented)†¦. sperm bank? | (1) (Plan of Action) ? Sperm banks require donors to waive any parental rights. There is no danger the donor can seek custody or visitation of your child. ? Some sperm banks permit the child to access the donor once the child becomes an adult. Sperm banks test semen for diseases and collect health and genetic information from donors. | ? You know who he is: his health, family history, physical and mental health, characteristics and personality. ? He might be open to being involved in the child's life. ? You don't have to pay for the sperm, although you may have to pay a doctor to inseminateyou. | | | (Transition into Main Point 3)| C. Main Point #3 (Visualize Results) one would soon have a child to love and care for. | 1. (Describe Expected Results of Action) after 9 monthes one would have a BABY :D| 2. Describe Consequences of Inaction) it would cost sometimes up to $1,000 if not more, and plus having children is a very expensive thing so I would not recommend having a child unless you are financially stable. If using a random sperm you always have a risk of HIV, AIDS or other sexually transmitted diseases. | (Transition into Conclusion)| III. Conclusion| A. Brakelight: | B. Summary: Artificial insemination is a topic not may people openly discus unless they have complications, but I want to tell you about somethings that might want to pick insemination, the sperm banks, as well as the donors one may have. | C. Tie Back to Audience:when you are older, deciding which road you may want to take, I hope the information I have given you helps with your planning process. | D. Concluding Remarks: (Call for Action! ) | CHECKLIST FOR MOTIVATED SEQUENCE DESIGN    * I have analyzed my audience on this topic & have determined they are ready for action. * I have narrowed my topic to focus upon a problem that needs to be solved with action * I have clearly stated the purpose of my speech. * My thesis statement is written as a complete declarative sentence. * My introduction focuses attention, establishes my credibility, & previews my message. The first main point in my speech establishes the need for action. * The second main point in my speech details a plan of action that satisfies the need. * The third main point in my speech visualizes the results of action and the consequences of inaction. * I have appropriate (adapted) supporting material for each main point in my speech. * The conclusion contain s a summary statement & ends with a call for action. * I have provided transitions where they are needed to make my speech flow smoothly. * I have compiled a list of works consulted in the preparation of my speech. |

Connected Speech Definition and Examples

Connected speech is spoken language  in a continuous sequence, as in normal conversation. It is also called connected discourse. There is often a significant difference between the way words are pronounced in isolation and the way they are pronounced in the context of connected speech. In connected speech, words or syllables are clipped, phrases are run together, and words are stressed differently than they would be in writing. Deletion of Sounds in Connected Speech One of the characteristics of connected speech is the deletion or clipping of sounds that occurs when words run together. For example, want to can become wanna, going to can become gonna, rock and roll can become rock n roll,  and them can become em or dem in connected speech. These are very informal usages of common words that most often occur in casual conversation, so they would probably not be present in formal speech or writing. Author  Rachael-Anne Knight goes into detail about the mechanics of connected speech processes (CSP) in Phonetics: A Coursebook: They occur at the edges of words since this is where words meet in sentences.Connected speech processes are optional...We can think of [connected speech processes] affecting sounds at the  phonemic  level rather than the  allophonic  level. When /t/ or /d/ or /h/ is elided, for example, we do not find that a different allophone occurs; we simply find that the phoneme is lost altogether, (Knight 2012). Knight also notes that connected speech can cause confusion or misunderstanding when words and sounds are changed or lost. Challenges for Non-Native Speakers Confusion about meaning in connected speech is especially common for non-native speakers listening to native speakers talk. Anyone learning a foreign language needs practice listening to it being spoken naturally, but learners of English have a difficult time picking out individual words from connected speech because words are so often slurred. Native speakers take many verbal shortcuts in ordinary conversation that wouldnt be present in written English, and switching between written and spoken English takes getting used to when it isnt your first language. These challenges are not exclusive to English. In Spanish, many words begin and end in vowels and these tend to meld together in speech. The polite greeting  ¿Cà ³mo està ¡?  (How are you?) often sounds like  Ã‚ ¿Cà ³m stà ¡? when spoken, with little to no pause between the words. When speaking to someone who isnt a native speaker, enunciation is helpful. You can also help them to understand you by speaking more slowly and pausing slightly between each word. Stress Patterns in Connected Speech In English, the  stress  pattern of a word is generally influenced by its context. Because of this, even native speakers may pronounce the same word differently, as is often the case in British vs. American English. Connected speech complicates the use of stress by relocating it from one word to another. Author Peter Roach illustrates stress in connected speech in Phonology: A Practical Course: An aspect of connected speech...is that the stress on a final-stressed compound tends to move to a preceding syllable and change to secondary stress if the following word begins with a strongly stressed syllable. Thus...​bad-tempered but a bad-tempered teacherhalf-timbered but a half-timbered househeavy-handed but a heavy-handed sentence(Roach 2009). People writing metered poetry, such as iambic pentameter in sonnets, have to pay attention to where the  stresses fall on words in their lines in order to correctly work within the constraints of the form. People speaking metered poetry will probably use stress however it sounds most natural in connected speech.